The authors work at the healthcare directorate of the Dutch competition authority (ACM). Wolf Sauter is also affiliated with Tilburg University. This case note was written in a personal capacity and does not represent a position of the ACM. We thank Myrthe Heijmering for comments and Wouter van Schijndel for research assistance. For Correspondence: <mailto:wolf.sauter@acm.nl> and <mailto:tamara.klimenta@acm.nl>